I am really a beginner in openGl and I have a school project to design a building from the inside (2 floors) and putting the camera inside the building.
drawing the building isn’t an issue but I’m having problems with giving the building an interior and viewing it from the inside.
how do I do that?
Is this a programming project or a design project? If it’s the latter, use a CAD package or a game engine.
I give you my examples how to draw a cube with simple diffuse lighting and how to draw a texture. I hope it will help you to start. I use a free version of Qt: Download Qt | Develop Desktop & Embedded Systems | Qt
Drawing a cube: Cube_OpenGL33_Qt5Cpp, C++ (gcc) - rextester
// Add this line to .pro:
// win32: LIBS += -lopengl32
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <windows.h>
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) DWORD NvOptimusEnablement = 0x00000001;
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) DWORD AmdPowerXpressRequestHighPerformance = 0x00000001;
#endif
#include <QtWidgets/QApplication>
#include <QtWidgets/QOpenGLWidget>
#include <QtGui/QOpenGLShaderProgram>
#include <QtGui/QOpenGLBuffer>
#include <QtGui/QMatrix4x4>
class OpenGLWidget : public QOpenGLWidget {
Q_OBJECT
public:
OpenGLWidget(QWidget *parent = nullptr)
: QOpenGLWidget(parent)
, m_indexBuffer(QOpenGLBuffer::IndexBuffer)
{
setWindowTitle("Qt C++, OpenGL");
resize(268, 268);
}
private:
QOpenGLShaderProgram m_program;
QOpenGLBuffer m_vertPosBuffer;
QOpenGLBuffer m_normalBuffer;
QOpenGLBuffer m_indexBuffer;
QMatrix4x4 m_projMatrix;
QMatrix4x4 m_viewMatrix;
QMatrix4x4 m_modelMatrix;
int m_amountOfVertices;
void initializeGL() override {
glClearColor(0.5f, 0.8f, 0.7f, 1.f);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
const char *vertShaderSrc =
"#version 330 core\n"
"in vec3 aPosition;"
"in vec4 aNormal;"
"uniform mat4 uMvpMatrix;"
"uniform mat4 uNormalMatrix;"
"out vec4 vColor;"
"void main()"
"{"
" gl_Position = uMvpMatrix * vec4(aPosition, 1.0);"
" vec3 lightDirection = normalize(vec3(0.0, 0.5, 0.7));"
" vec4 color = vec4(1.0, 0.4, 0.0, 1.0);"
" vec3 normal = normalize((uNormalMatrix * aNormal).xyz);"
" float nDotL = max(dot(normal, lightDirection), 0.0);"
" vColor = vec4(color.rgb * nDotL + vec3(0.1), color.a);"
"}";
const char *fragShaderSrc =
"#version 330 core\n"
"in vec4 vColor;"
"out vec4 fragColor;"
"void main()"
"{"
" fragColor = vColor;"
"}";
m_program.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Vertex, vertShaderSrc);
m_program.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Fragment, fragShaderSrc);
m_program.link();
m_program.bind();
m_amountOfVertices = initVertexBuffers();
m_viewMatrix.lookAt(
QVector3D(20.f, 15.f, 30.f), // eye position
QVector3D(0.f, 0.f, 0.f), // center
QVector3D(0.f, 1.f, 0.f)); // up
m_modelMatrix.translate(QVector3D(0.f, 0.f, 0.f));
m_modelMatrix.rotate(0.f, QVector3D(0.f, 1.f, 0.f));
m_modelMatrix.scale(7.f, 7.f, 7.f);
}
void paintGL() override {
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
drawBox();
}
void drawBox() {
QMatrix4x4 mvpMatrix = m_projMatrix * m_viewMatrix * m_modelMatrix;
m_program.bind();
m_program.setUniformValue("uMvpMatrix", mvpMatrix);
QMatrix4x4 normalMatrix;
normalMatrix = m_modelMatrix.inverted();
normalMatrix = normalMatrix.transposed();
m_program.setUniformValue("uNormalMatrix", normalMatrix);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, m_amountOfVertices, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);
}
void resizeGL(int w, int h) override {
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
m_projMatrix.setToIdentity();
m_projMatrix.perspective(50.f, (float)width()/height(), 0.1f, 100.f);
}
int initVertexBuffers() {
// Create a cube
// v6----- v5
// /| /|
// v1------v0|
// | | | |
// | |v7---|-|v4
// |/ |/
// v2------v3
float vertPositions[] = {
// v0-v1-v2-v3 front
1.f, 1.f, 1.f, -1.f, 1.f, 1.f, -1.f, -1.f, 1.f, 1.f, -1.f, 1.f,
// v0-v3-v4-v5 right
1.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f, -1.f, 1.f, 1.f, -1.f, -1.f, 1.f, 1.f, -1.f,
// v0-v5-v6-v1 up
1.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f, -1.f, -1.f, 1.f, -1.f, -1.f, 1.f, 1.f,
// v1-v6-v7-v2 left
-1.f, 1.f, 1.f, -1.f, 1.f, -1.f, -1.f, -1.f, -1.f, -1.f, -1.f, 1.f,
// v7-v4-v3-v2 down
-1.f, -1.f, -1.f, 1.f, -1.f, -1.f, 1.f, -1.f, 1.f, -1.f, -1.f, 1.f,
// v4-v7-v6-v5 back
1.f, -1.f, -1.f, -1.f, -1.f, -1.f, -1.f, 1.f, -1.f, 1.f, 1.f, -1.f
};
m_vertPosBuffer.create();
m_vertPosBuffer.bind();
m_vertPosBuffer.allocate(vertPositions, sizeof(vertPositions));
m_program.bindAttributeLocation("aPosition", 0);
m_program.setAttributeBuffer(0, GL_FLOAT, 0, 3);
m_program.enableAttributeArray(0);
float normals[] = {
// v0-v1-v2-v3 front
0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f,
// v0-v3-v4-v5 right
1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f,
// v0-v5-v6-v1 up
0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f,
// v1-v6-v7-v2 left
-1.f, 0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f,
// v7-v4-v3-v2 down
0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f,
// v4-v7-v6-v5 back
0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f, -1.f
};
m_normalBuffer.create();
m_normalBuffer.bind();
m_normalBuffer.allocate(normals, sizeof(normals));
m_program.bindAttributeLocation("aNormal", 1);
m_program.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0, 3);
m_program.enableAttributeArray(1);
int indices[] = {
0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3, // front
4, 5, 6, 4, 6, 7, // right
8, 9, 10, 8, 10, 11, // up
12, 13, 14, 12, 14, 15, // left
16, 17, 18, 16, 18, 19, // down
20, 21, 22, 20, 22, 23 // back
};
m_indexBuffer.create();
m_indexBuffer.bind();
m_indexBuffer.allocate(indices, sizeof(indices));
int amountOfVertices = sizeof(indices) / sizeof(indices[0]);
return amountOfVertices;
}
};
#include "main.moc"
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
QApplication a(argc, argv);
OpenGLWidget w;
w.show();
return a.exec();
}
Drawing a texture: https://rextester.com/BJW63108
// Add this line to .pro:
// win32: LIBS += -lopengl32
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <windows.h>
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) DWORD NvOptimusEnablement = 0x00000001;
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) DWORD AmdPowerXpressRequestHighPerformance = 0x00000001;
#endif
#include <QtWidgets/QApplication>
#include <QtWidgets/QOpenGLWidget>
#include <QtGui/QOpenGLShaderProgram>
#include <QtGui/QOpenGLBuffer>
#include <QtGui/QOpenGLTexture>
#include <QtGui/QMatrix4x4>
class Widget : public QOpenGLWidget {
Q_OBJECT
public:
Widget() : m_texture(QOpenGLTexture::Target2D) {
setWindowTitle("OpenGL 3.3. Qt C++");
resize(400, 400);
}
private:
QOpenGLShaderProgram m_program;
QOpenGLBuffer m_vertPosBuffer;
QOpenGLBuffer m_texCoordBuffer;
QOpenGLTexture m_texture;
QMatrix4x4 m_mvpMatrix;
QMatrix4x4 m_projMatrix;
QMatrix4x4 m_viewMatrix;
QMatrix4x4 m_modelMatrix;
int m_uMvpMatrixLocation;
const float WORLD_HEIGHT = 50;
void initializeGL() override {
glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
resize(400, 400);
const char *vertShaderSrc =
"#version 330 core\n"
"in vec3 aPosition;"
"in vec2 aTexCoord;"
"uniform mat4 uMvpMatrix;"
"out vec2 vTexCoord;"
"void main()"
"{"
" gl_Position = uMvpMatrix * vec4(aPosition, 1.0);"
" vTexCoord = aTexCoord;"
"}";
const char *fragShaderSrc =
"#version 330 core\n"
"uniform sampler2D uSampler;"
"in vec2 vTexCoord;"
"out vec4 fragColor;"
"void main()"
"{"
" fragColor = texture2D(uSampler, vTexCoord);"
"}";
m_program.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Vertex, vertShaderSrc);
m_program.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Fragment, fragShaderSrc);
m_program.link();
m_program.bind();
float vertPositions[] = {
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.f
};
float texCoords[] = {
0.f, 1.f,
1.f, 1.f,
0.f, 0.f,
1.f, 0.f
};
initVertexBuffer(m_vertPosBuffer, vertPositions, sizeof(vertPositions), "aPosition", 0, 3);
initVertexBuffer(m_texCoordBuffer, texCoords, sizeof(texCoords), "aTexCoord", 1, 2);
m_texture.create();
m_texture.setData(QImage(":/Textures/WornBrownBrickwork_256.png"));
m_texture.setMinMagFilters(QOpenGLTexture::Linear, QOpenGLTexture::Linear);
m_texture.setWrapMode(QOpenGLTexture::ClampToEdge);
m_program.bind();
m_uMvpMatrixLocation = m_program.uniformLocation("uMvpMatrix");
m_modelMatrix.scale(QVector3D(50.f, 50.f, 1.f));
m_viewMatrix.lookAt(QVector3D(0.f, 0.f, 40.f),
QVector3D(0.f, 0.f, 0.f),
QVector3D(0.f, 1.f, 0.f));
}
void paintGL() override {
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
m_mvpMatrix = m_projMatrix * m_viewMatrix * m_modelMatrix;
m_program.bind();
m_program.setUniformValue(m_uMvpMatrixLocation, m_mvpMatrix);
m_texture.bind();
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
}
void resizeGL(int w, int h) override {
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
float aspect = (float) w / h;
float worldWidth = aspect * WORLD_HEIGHT;
m_projMatrix.setToIdentity();
m_projMatrix.ortho(-worldWidth / 2.f, worldWidth / 2.f,
-WORLD_HEIGHT / 2.f, WORLD_HEIGHT / 2.f, 50.f, -50.f);
}
void initVertexBuffer(QOpenGLBuffer &buffer, float data[], int amount,
const char *locationName, int locationIndex, int tupleSize) {
buffer.create();
buffer.bind();
buffer.allocate(data, amount);
m_program.bindAttributeLocation(locationName, locationIndex);
m_program.setAttributeBuffer(locationIndex, GL_FLOAT, 0, tupleSize);
m_program.enableAttributeArray(locationIndex);
}
};
#include "main.moc"
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
QApplication a(argc, argv);
Widget w;
w.show();
return a.exec();
}
thank you I appreciate the help really, but I don’t think this is what I am looking for…
here is the code I have written so far, but I don’t know what should I use to give the building an interior and put the camera inside (again beginner).
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
//down
glPushMatrix();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, building);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(24.0, -4.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(64.0, -4.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(68.0, 5.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(30.0, 5.0, 0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
//back
glPushMatrix();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, building);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(30.0, 5.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(68.0, 5.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(68.0, 19.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(30.0, 19.0, 0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
//left
glPushMatrix();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, building);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(24.0, -4.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(30.0, 5.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(30.0, 19.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(24.0, 15.0, 0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
//right
glPushMatrix();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, building);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(64.0, -4.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(68.0, 5.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(68.0, 19.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(64.0, 15.0, 0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
//front
glPushMatrix();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, building);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(24.0, -4.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(64.0, -4.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(64.0, 15.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(24.0, 15.0, 0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
//up
glPushMatrix();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, roof);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(24.0, 15.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(64.0, 15.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(68.0, 19.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(30.0, 19.0, 0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();You use the legacy/deprecated version of OpenGL. Study the tutorial: https://learnopengl.com/
I recommend to install Qt because it contains all what you need for graphics: OpenGL (you do not need GLEW, GLAD and so on), QMatrix4x4, texture loader, parser of XML to parse 3D models from .dae format and so on.
See how it is simple to draw a triangle with Qt and OpenGL 3.3: TriangleInOneFile_OpenGL33Qt5Cpp, C++ (gcc) - rextester
// Add this line to .pro:
// win32: LIBS += -lopengl32
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <windows.h>
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) DWORD NvOptimusEnablement = 0x00000001;
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) DWORD AmdPowerXpressRequestHighPerformance = 0x00000001;
#endif
#include <QApplication>
#include <QOpenGLWidget>
#include <QOpenGLShaderProgram>
#include <QOpenGLBuffer>
class Widget : public QOpenGLWidget {
Q_OBJECT
public:
Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr) : QOpenGLWidget(parent) {
setWindowTitle("Qt, OpenGL 3.3");
resize(268, 268);
}
private:
QOpenGLShaderProgram m_program;
QOpenGLBuffer m_vertPosBuffer;
void initializeGL() override {
glClearColor(0.5f, 0.8f, 0.7f, 1.f);
const char *vertShaderSrc =
"#version 330 core\n"
"in vec3 aPosition;"
"void main()"
"{"
" gl_Position = vec4(aPosition, 1.0);"
"}";
const char *fragShaderSrc =
"#version 330 core\n"
"out vec4 fragColor;"
"void main()"
"{"
" fragColor = vec4(0.5, 0.2, 0.9, 1.0);"
"}";
m_program.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Vertex, vertShaderSrc);
m_program.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Fragment, fragShaderSrc);
m_program.link();
m_program.bind();
float vertPositions[] = {
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.f,
0.f, 0.5f, 0.f
};
m_vertPosBuffer.create();
m_vertPosBuffer.bind();
m_vertPosBuffer.allocate(vertPositions, sizeof(vertPositions));
m_program.bindAttributeLocation("aPosition", 0);
m_program.setAttributeBuffer(0, GL_FLOAT, 0, 3);
m_program.enableAttributeArray(0);
}
void paintGL() override {
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
}
void resizeGL(int w, int h) override {
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
}
};
#include "main.moc"
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
QApplication a(argc, argv);
Widget w;
w.show();
return a.exec();
}
Having a general box as outset is good. Imagine that you could use different textures on the same set of box-coordinates! And, Imagine that you could draw these boxes in … different ways. I think of say flatting the box as a floor or compose a very simple chair from a handful of small boxes that have been shrunk. A model-matrix would be handy. And the consept of a camera … an object in the none-moving ‘world’ that can be moved and directed by it’s own matrix. These two matrixes can be used for … producing a third matrix (eye->model) in such a way that the matrixes
projection * eye->model * model produces projective output of your world on the screen according to where you’ve placed and directed everything.
This is opengl in a nutshell and just about the same thing that all of us toil with every day.
There’s a lot of things to keep track of …
Using legacy code for the task demands a good book-keeper.
Is it a request that you use this version/profile of opengl?