I am using glfw 3.3.2 with the example program in the documentation:
#define GLEW_STATIC
#include <GLEW/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
/* uncomment to attempt to draw a triangle
static unsigned int compile_shader(unsigned int type, const std::string& source) {
unsigned int id = glCreateShader(type);
const char* src = source.c_str();
glShaderSource(id, 1, &src, nullptr);
glCompileShader(id);
// error handling
int res;
glGetShaderiv(id, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &res);
if (res == GL_FALSE) {
// shader did not compile sucessfully
int len;
glGetShaderiv(id, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &len);
char* msg = (char*) _malloca(len * sizeof(char));
glGetShaderInfoLog(id, len, &len, msg);
std::cout << "Failed to compile " <<
(type == GL_VERTEX_SHADER ? "vertex" : "fragment")
<< " shader" << std::endl;
std::cout << msg << std::endl;
glDeleteShader(id);
return 0;
}
return id;
}
static int create_shader(const std::string& vertex_shader, const std::string& fragment_shader) {
GLuint program = glCreateProgram();
GLuint vs = compile_shader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertex_shader);
GLuint fs = compile_shader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragment_shader);
glAttachShader(program, vs);
glAttachShader(program, fs);
glLinkProgram(program);
glValidateProgram(program);
glDeleteShader(vs);
glDeleteShader(fs);
return program;
}
*/
int main(void)
{
GLFWwindow* window;
/* Initialize the library */
if (!glfwInit())
return -1;
/* Create a windowed mode window and its OpenGL context */
window = glfwCreateWindow(640, 480, "Hello World", NULL, NULL);
if (!window)
{
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
/* Make the window's context current */
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
/* uncomment to attempt to draw a triangle
if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK) {
std::cout << "glew init error" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
std::cout << glGetString(GL_VERSION) << std::endl;
// define vertex buffer
float positions[6] = {
-0.5f, -0.5f,
0.0f, 0.5f,
0.5f, -0.5f
};
unsigned int buffer;
glGenBuffers(1, &buffer);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(float) * 6, positions, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
// enable the 0th (first) vertex attribute array
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// 0 means first attribute, 2 means how many vertex to represent the attribute (x and y)
// sizeof(float) * 2 is the bytes needed to skip to get to the next attribute
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 2, 0);
// core means no depracated function
// 330 is the version
// location = 0 should match the first arg of gl vertex attribute pointer call
std::string vertex_shader =
"#version 330 core\n"
"\n"
"layout(location = 0) in vec4 position;"
"\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"gl_Position = position;\n"
"}\n";
std::string fragment_shader =
"#version 330 core\n"
"\n"
"layout(location = 0) out vec4 color;"
"\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
" color = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);\n"
"}\n";
unsigned int shader = create_shader(vertex_shader, fragment_shader);
glUseProgram(shader);
*/
/* Loop until the user closes the window */
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
/* Render here */
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
/* Swap front and back buffers */
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
/* Poll for and process events */
glfwPollEvents();
}
// uncomment the following to attempt to draw a triangle
// glDeleteProgram(shader);
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
I got some weird Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error:
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'D:\University_of_Manchester\Projects\OpenGL\opengl_project\x64\Debug\opengl_project.exe'. Symbols loaded.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ntdll.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\kernel32.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\KernelBase.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\user32.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\win32u.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\gdi32.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\gdi32full.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\msvcp_win.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ucrtbase.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\shell32.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\cfgmgr32.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\SHCore.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\msvcrt.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\rpcrt4.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\combase.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\bcryptprimitives.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\windows.storage.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\sechost.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\advapi32.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\profapi.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\powrprof.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\umpdc.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\shlwapi.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\kernel.appcore.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\cryptsp.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\opengl32.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\vcruntime140d.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ucrtbased.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\glu32.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\DXCore.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\imm32.dll'.
The thread 0x4b10 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\uxtheme.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\winmm.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\winmmbase.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\winmmbase.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Unloaded 'C:\Windows\System32\winmmbase.dll'
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\winmmbase.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Unloaded 'C:\Windows\System32\winmmbase.dll'
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\dinput8.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\XInput1_4.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\devobj.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\InputHost.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\propsys.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\CoreUIComponents.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\CoreMessaging.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\oleaut32.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\WinTypes.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ntmarta.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\WinTypes.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Unloaded 'C:\Windows\System32\WinTypes.dll'
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\WinTypes.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Unloaded 'C:\Windows\System32\WinTypes.dll'
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\dwmapi.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\msctf.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\hid.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\setupapi.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\bcrypt.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\wintrust.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\msasn1.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\crypt32.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\nvaci.inf_amd64_bf1cc4a1e8a34392\nvdlistx.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\version.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Unloaded 'C:\Windows\System32\version.dll'
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Unloaded 'C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\nvaci.inf_amd64_bf1cc4a1e8a34392\nvdlistx.dll'
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\nvaci.inf_amd64_bf1cc4a1e8a34392\nvoglv64.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ole32.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\wtsapi32.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\version.dll'.
The thread 0x4bc0 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x4bc8 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x4bc4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\nvspcap64.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\winsta.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\dxgi.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\d3d11.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ResourcePolicyClient.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Unloaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ResourcePolicyClient.dll'
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\nvaci.inf_amd64_bf1cc4a1e8a34392\nvdlistx.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Unloaded 'C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\nvaci.inf_amd64_bf1cc4a1e8a34392\nvdlistx.dll'
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\nvaci.inf_amd64_bf1cc4a1e8a34392\nvldumdx.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\cryptnet.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\cryptbase.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\imagehlp.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\rsaenh.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\nvaci.inf_amd64_bf1cc4a1e8a34392\nvwgf2umx.dll'.
The thread 0x25fc has exited with code 0 (0x0).
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\nvaci.inf_amd64_bf1cc4a1e8a34392\NvCamera\NvCameraWhitelisting64.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Unloaded 'C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\nvaci.inf_amd64_bf1cc4a1e8a34392\NvCamera\NvCameraWhitelisting64.dll'
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\nvapi64.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\TextInputFramework.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\iertutil.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\igdlh64.inf_amd64_1d9a63fa126c4a34\igd10iumd64.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ncrypt.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ntasn1.dll'.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\igdlh64.inf_amd64_1d9a63fa126c4a34\igc64.dll'.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
[...] more same exceptions here
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFBFE2AA839 in opengl_project.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00000023B52FBAE0.
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Unloaded 'C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\igdlh64.inf_amd64_1d9a63fa126c4a34\igc64.dll'
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Unloaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ntasn1.dll'
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Unloaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ncrypt.dll'
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Unloaded 'C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\igdlh64.inf_amd64_1d9a63fa126c4a34\igd10iumd64.dll'
The thread 0x295c has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x2960 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x2ae4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x48a8 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x3f98 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Unloaded 'C:\Windows\System32\XInput1_4.dll'
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Unloaded 'C:\Windows\System32\hid.dll'
'opengl_project.exe' (Win32): Unloaded 'C:\Windows\System32\dinput8.dll'
The thread 0x4bb0 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x4bcc has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x4bb4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x4bb8 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x4bd0 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x4ba4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x4be0 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x2b40 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x4bac has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x4ba8 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The program '[19144] opengl_project.exe' has exited with code 0 (0x0).
When I remove the line glfwSwapBuffers(window); it gives no error.
Although the frame renders with the correct title, I am unable to draw anything in the frame.
May I know why this happens and how to fix it?